Takotsubo Syndrome and Gender Differences: Exploring Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Differences for a Personalized Approach in Patient Management. in Journal of clinical medicine / J Clin Med. 2024 Aug 21;13(16):4925. doi: 10.3390/jcm13164925.
2024
AO Cuneo
Tipo pubblicazione
Review
Autori/Collaboratori (21)Vedi tutti...
Giubilato S
Cardiology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy.
Francese GM
U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", 95100 Catania, Italy.
Manes MT
Cardiology Division, St Francesco Hospital, 87027 Paola, Italy.
et alii...
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), also known as the broken-heart syndrome, is a reversible condition typically observed in female patients presenting for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Despite its increasing incidence, TTS often remains undiagnosed due to its overlap with ACS. The pathophysiology of TTS is complex and involves factors such as coronary vasospasm, microcirculatory dysfunction, increased catecholamine levels, and overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Diagnosing TTS requires a comprehensive approach, starting with clinical suspicion and progressing to both non-invasive and invasive multimodal tests guided by a specific diagnostic algorithm. Management of TTS should be personalized, considering potential complications, the presence or absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), diagnostic test results, and the patient's clinical course. The current data primarily derive from case series, retrospective analyses, prospective registries, and expert opinions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition of gender differences in the pathophysiology, presentation, and outcomes of TTS. This review provides an updated overview of gender disparities, highlighting the importance of tailored diagnostic and management strategies.
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PMID : 39201067
DOI : 10.3390/jcm13164925
Keywords
broken heart syndrome; diagnostic algorithm; gender difference; management; takotsubo syndrome;